Alopecia Universalis As One of the Alopecia Areata Types

Alopecia Universalis As One of the Alopecia Areata Types

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune disease. The initial lesion is usually a totally bald, smooth patch. At its margins, hairs which appear normal may also be very readily extracted. Subsequent progress is variable. The course of alopecia areata is highly unpredictable, and the uncertainty of what will happen next is probably the most difficult and frustrating aspect of the disease. You may continue to lose hair, or your hair loss may stop. The hair you have lost may or may not grow back, and you may or may not continue to develop new bare patches.

It usually begins as one or more small, round or oval, smooth patches and affects both males and females. It can begin at any age, but it presents itself usually in childhood or young adulthood. In about 1 - 2% of cases, it can spread to affect the entire scalp – this type of alopecia areata is called alopecia totalis or the entire body - alopecia universalis .

There was a study about a family which was affected with alopecia universalis . Three consecutive generations had it. People with the disease were otherwise healthy, without any inflammatory processes that could inhibit hair growth. Research showed very few hair follicles, they were born without eyebrows or eyelashes, without any hair in general and never developed them.

Research contained analysis of the chromosomes of seven affected members from the family that had this condition in order to detect any genetic similarities that would show that the disease is genetically predetermined. They found a marker at the location 8p12, persistent in all seven family members, but they were not able to determine the exact gene that was at this location.

Researchers conducted experiments with mice, so they can determine if there is genetic similarity in hairless mice with the ones they found in human. The good thing is that they found several examples of alopecia in mice. They identified a cDNA sequence that gave them the coding sequence of the human "hairless" gene. This gene is expressed in the skin and brain in humans and mice. It appears to encode a zinc-finger transcription factor. The results of the research showed that there is mutation in the "hairless" genes of all the affected individuals in the family that was studied.

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